MALARIA  DISEASE

Mengenai Penyakit MALARIA 

Information about MALARIA Disease 

Malaria disease is caused by protozoa (blood parasite) [not bacteria or viruses] called Plasmodium sp. (P. falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale, and P. malariae), in which in one of developments phase will enter and destroy red blood cells.

The disease is spread by Anopheles mosquitoes, which suck blood when sick, may pass when sucking the blood of others. In the body of the mosquito, the parasites grow for a week. So if our family is affected by malaria, and the mosquitoes are still on the loose in there, we could be bitten by mosquitoes the same time, we can get Malaria as well.

Informasi Mengenai Penyakit MALARIA.

Malaria disebabkan oleh Protozoa (parasit darah) [bukan bakteri atau virus] bernama Plasmodium sp. (P. Falciparum, P. Vivax, P. Ovale, and P. Malariae) , yang dalam salah satu tahap perkembang biakannya akan memasuki dan menghancurkan sel-sel darah merah.

Incubation disease

Inkubasi penyakit

Symptoms of this disease (flu, chills, fever, dizziness, pegel-pegel, malaise) may occur 10 days to 4 weeks later.

Gejala penyakit ini (flu, menggigil, demam, pusing, pegel-pegel, lemas) bisa muncul 10 hari sampai 4 minggu kemudian. 

The Period shivering heat in accordance with malaria parasite life cycle.  Malaria fever is typical, at first shuddered 20-60 minutes (cold stage), followed by a hot stage, heated to 40 ° C - 41.7 ° C for 3-8 hours, then wet or sweaty stage.

Periode panas-menggigil sesuai dengan siklus hidup parasit malarianya. Demam malaria khas sekali, mula-mula menggigil 20 - 60 menit (cold stage), diikuti dengan hot stage, panas dengan suhu 40°C - 41.7°C selama 3 - 8 jam, lalu wet stage atau berkeringat.

The period of bud / incubation of this disease can be a few days to several months.
After the shoots, infected people will experience a high fever and chills for several hours, accompanied by spending a lot of sweat, dizziness, nausea, followed by symptom-free period, in which patients feel healthy as before, but after several days of symptoms such as above will be repeated again, and so on repeatedly.

Masa tunas / inkubasi penyakit ini dapat beberapa hari sampai beberapa bulan.
Setelah masa tunas, orang yang tertular akan mengalami demam tinggi dan menggigil selama beberapa jam, disertai pengeluaran keringat yang banyak, pusing, mual, kemudian diikuti dengan masa bebas gejala, dimana penderita merasa sehat seperti sediakala, namun setelah beberapa hari gejala-gejala seperti di atas akan berulang kembali, demikian seterusnya berulang-ulang.

Destruction of red blood cells cause the patient to be anemis, enlarged liver and spleen, blocks the blood capillaries can cause damage to organs that are very sensitive to lack of blood supply, such as the brain and so forth.

Penghancuran sel-sel darah merah mengakibatkan penderita menjadi anemis, hati dan limpa membesar, sumbatan-sumbatan pada pembuluh kapiler darah dapat menyebabkan kerusakan pada organ yang sangat sensitif terhadap kekurangan suplai darah, seperti otak dan sebagainya.

There are several types of Malaria disease, eg : 

Ada beberapa jenis  penyakit malaria, antara lain :

TERTIANA Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale, fever appears every third day. fever occur with a period of 48-72 hours. Most mild malaria than the other (rarely fatal), but including a recalcitrant with treatment.

Malaria TERTIANA, disebabkan oleh Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Ovale, demam muncul setiap hari ketiga. demam timbul dengan periode 48 - 72 jam. Paling ringan dibanding malaria yang lainnya (jarang fatal) tetapi termasuk yang bandel dengan pengobatan.

QUARTANA Malaria, caused by Plasmodium malariae, a fever every fourth day and usually irregular. These parasites can attack the kidneys (acute hemorrhagic nephritis), the urine became turbid, reddish.

Malaria QUARTANA, disebabkan oleh Plasmodium Malariae, demam setiap hari keempat dan biasanya teratur. Parasit ini bisa menyerang ginjal (acute hemorrhagic nephritis), urine jadi keruh, kemerahan.

Cerebral Malaria, caused by Plasmodium falciparum, the irregular fever, accompanied by symptoms terkenanya brain, coma and sudden death. Malaria was the most severe, the cycle was not seen again, the fever can occur at any time. Malaria parasites can infect vital organs, from liver, spleen, lung, kidney to brain.

Malaria SEREBRAL, disebabkan oleh Plasmodium Falciparum, demam tidak teratur, disertai gejala terkenanya otak, koma dan kematian yang mendadak. Penyakit Malaria yang paling berat, siklusnya sudah tidak terlihat lagi, demam bisa timbul kapan saja. Parasit malaria bisa menginfeksi semua organ penting, dari hati, limpa, paru-paru, ginjal sampai otak.

Pernicious Malaria, caused by Plasmodium vivax, symptoms can arise very suddenly, like a stroke, coma accompanied by symptoms of severe malaria.

Malaria PERNISIOSA, disebabkan oleh Plasmodium Vivax, gejala dapat timbul sangat mendadak, mirip Stroke, koma disertai gejala malaria yang berat.

There are two types of malaria (Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium ovale) can reside at heart a few months to 4 years, therefore the patient can be sick with malaria again, although not bitten by another mosquito.

Ada dua jenis malaria (Plasmodium Vivax and Plasmodium Ovale) bisa ngendon di hati beberapa bulan sampai 4 tahun, oleh karena itu si penderita bisa sakit malaria lagi, meski tidak tergigit oleh nyamuk lain lagi.

Well, if you want to travel to areas that still have malaria, you should first take medication, quinine, or we know as a bitter quinine. This can help prevent us got malaria, if it were bitten by mosquitoes carrying the parasite.

Diagnosa.  

Gejala klinis yang khas dipastikan dengan ditemukannya organisme penyebab di dalam sel-sel darah merah penderita pada pemeriksaan laboratorium.

Pengobatan.  

Tergantung sensitifitas dan jenis penyebabnya, dapat dipilih obat antimalaria yang paling tepat untuk setiap kasus.
Demam diusahakan diturunkan dengan kompres dingin, atau pemberian antipiretika

Pencegahan.

Pencegahan dilakukan dengan Pembersihan Sarang Nyamuk (PSN), menghindarkan diri dari gigitan nyamuk, atau pemberian khlorokuin bila mengunjungi daerah endemik malaria.

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