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About GPS

Written by Administrator

Monday, 07 September 2009 15:19

About GPS

The Global Positioning System (GPS) is a satellite-based navigation system made up of a network of 24 satellites placed into orbit by the U.S. Department of Defense. GPS was originally intended for military applications, but in the 1980s, the government made the system available for civilian use. GPS works in any weather conditions, anywhere in the world, 24 hours a day. There are no subscription fees or setup charges to use GPS.

Global Positioning System adalah system navigasi yang berbasis satellite yang terbuat dari 24 satellite yang ditempatkan di orbit oleh Departement Pertahanan America. GPS biasanya diperuntukkan untuk aplikasi militer, tetapi sejak tahun 1980, pemerintah America membuat system untuk penggunanaan sipil. GPS bekerja di dalam kondisi cuaca apapun, dimanapun di dunia selama 24 jam sehari. Tidak ada biaya langganan untuk penggunaan GPS

How it works

Bagaimana cara kerjanya ?

GPS satellites circle the earth twice a day in a very precise orbit and transmit signal information to earth. GPS receivers take this information and use triangulation to calculate the user's exact location. Essentially, the GPS receiver compares the time a signal was transmitted by a satellite with the time it was received. The time difference tells the GPS receiver how far away the satellite is. Now, with distance measurements from a few more satellites, the receiver can determine the user's position and display it on the unit's electronic map.

GPS Receivers mengambil informasi ini dan menggunakan triangulation untuk menghitung lokasi user tepatnya dimana. Pada dasarnya GPS receiver membandingkan sebuah sinyal waktu yang dipancarkan oleh sebuah satellite dengan waktu yang diterima. Perbedaan waktu tersebut mengatakan kepada GPS Receiver seberapa jauh satellite itu. Sekarang, jarak ukur dari sebuah beberapa satellite, receiver bisa menentukan posisi user dan menampilkannya pada unit peta elektronik.

A GPS receiver must be locked on to the signal of at least three satellites to calculate a 2D position (latitude and longitude) and track movement. With four or more satellites in view, the receiver can determine the user's 3D position (latitude, longitude and altitude). Once the user's position has been determined, the GPS unit can calculate other information, such as speed, bearing, track, trip distance, distance to destination, sunrise and sunset time and more.

Sebuah GPS Receiver akan harus mengunci sinyal dari sedikitnya tiga satellite untuk menghitung sebuah posisi 2 Dimensi (latitude dan longitude) dan melacak pergerakan. Dengan empat atau lebih satellite di dalam view, Receiver dapat menentukan posisi user 3 Dimensi (latitude, longitude and altitude). Sekali posisi user diketahui, unit GPS akan menghitung informasi lain, seperti kecepatan, bearing, track, jarak perjalanan, jarak ke tujuan, waktu sinar matahari terbit dan terbenam dan masih banyak lagi hal lainnya.

The GPS satellite system

The 24 satellites that make up the GPS space segment are orbiting the earth about 12,000 miles above us. They are constantly moving, making two complete orbits in less than 24 hours. These satellites are travelling at speeds of roughly 7,000 miles an hour.

24 Satellite yang membuat segmen space GPS di orbitkan ke bumi kira - kira 12.000 mil diatas kita. Satellite - satellite tersebut bergerak secara tetap, menyelesaikan dua orbit kurang dari 24 jam. Satellite - satellite ini berjalan pada kecepatan kasar sekitar 7000 mil per jam.

GPS satellites are powered by solar energy. They have backup batteries onboard to keep them running in the event of a solar eclipse, when there's no solar power. Small rocket boosters on each satellite keep them flying in the correct path.

Satellite GPS dihidupkan dengan sinar matahari. Satellite tersebut mempunyai cadangan batere untuk menjaga agar tetap bergerak meskipun pada saat gerhana matahari, ketika tidak ada tenaga sinar matahari. Rocket kecil mendorong setiap satellite supaya tetap terbang pada jalur yang tepat.

There are two famous brand of GPS that widely used, they are GPS Garmin and GPS Magellan.

Ada dua merek GPS yang terkenal dan banyak digunakan yaitu GPS Garmin dan GPS Magellan.

Here are some other interesting facts about the GPS satellites (also called NAVSTAR, the official U.S. Department of Defense name for GPS):

    * The first GPS satellite was launched in 1978.
    * A full constellation of 24 satellites was achieved in 1994.
    * Each satellite is built to last about 10 years. Replacements are constantly being built and launched into orbit.
    * A GPS satellite weighs approximately 2,000 pounds and is about 17 feet across with the solar panels extended.
    * Transmitter power is only 50 watts or less.